LAPTOP i7

Display File Content with Colors and Line Number Alternative to cat Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install python-pygments python3-pygments

pygmentize testfile.rb

pygmentize testfile.rb | nl --body-numbering=a

--body-numbering

a - number all lines
t - number only nonempty lines
n - number no lines

alias nl=nl --body-number=a

alias ccat=pygmentize

ccat testfile.rb | nl

Dig DNS Querying on Ubuntu

Disable touchpad in Ubuntu 11 04 Natty Narwhal

figure 1

figure 2

Difference between adduser and useradd in Ubuntu server

Difference between adduser and useradd in Ubuntu-server

Both the command are used to add user in the system. But there is a big difference.
Nowadays debian has changed or replaced the useradd command with adduser.


The difference between both command is as following with the image so that will make clear sense to you people.

To check the difference between both the command do the following.

1. useradd

Open the terminal and type

$ sudo useradd user2

The above command will add the user

 $ sudo passwd user2

The above command will give the password to the user2.

Now lets try loging in.

login: user2
password:123

As you can there is no home directory is defined.And not able to create its own directory with "useradd"  command.

 You can also check the directory and the command assigned to it

==========================================================================
2. adduser

Open the terminal and type :-

$ sudo adduser user3

The adduser command takes all the information and create your personal home directory for saving your data and gives uid and gid with that.

You can see the home directory assigned to user3 by this command.

$ cat /etc/passwd | grep user3

From this tutorial you can might have understand the difference between both the command and how you can add the other or extra user  in the system.

Disabling splash screen in ubuntu 9 10

 sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Remove quiet and splash

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

Then save and close out of your editor

Run the following command to update grub.
Code:

sudo update-grub

This may take a couple of minutes with out any visible feedback. You will come back to bash prompt eventually.

Disable Overlay Scrollbars in Ubuntu Precise

For me, it is worth having the Ubuntu Overlay Scrollbars enabled on my Precise system due to all the hard work that was done on this project. Overlay Scrollbars have quite evolved since Natty, and in Precise, I am quite satisfied with the performance of these scrollbars, which now feature an extended proximity area, and thus, are far more easily accessible than how it used to be in Natty.

Still, if you don't like these new scrollbars, you can try reverting to the traditional old-style ones. But remember, in Precise, the scrollbar arrows which you would expect to show up at the top and the bottom of the scrollbar won't be available, same as with Oneiric before.

For disabling Overlay Scrollbars in Ubuntu Precise, get to a Terminal and run:

Disable Apport Error Report Dialog in Ubuntu 12 04

Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu

#disable ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

echo "#disable ipv6" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6

Digikam 5 4 0 is Released and Available PPA For Ubuntu 16 04 Ubuntu 16 10

digiKam is an open source project that provides users with a dedicated photo management solution, specifically designed to be deployed on KDE desktop environments. It includes image editor and organizer components, which can be easily extended through a built-in and powerful plugin architecture.

Features at a glance

Key features include red eyes correction, brightness, contrast, gamma, hue, saturation and luminosity correction, color balance, color inversion, color auto-correction, ratio cropping, free cropping, black & white and tonality converter using curves adjustments, rotation, and flipping.

With this tool, you will be able to import pictures, organize your photo collection, view images, edit and enhance photos, create slideshows and calendars, print and share your photo creations using social web services, email images, and much more.

Read more the ReleaseAnnounce

How to Install Digikam 5.4.0 on Ubuntu Derivative System :

To Install/Update Digikam 5.4.0 on Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak, Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus, Ubuntu 15.10 wily werewolf, Ubuntu 15.04 vivid Vervet, ubuntu 14.10 Utopic Unicorn, Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr (LTS), Ubuntu 13.10/13.04/12.04, Linux Mint 18.1, Linux Mint 18 Sarah, Linux Mint 17.1 Rebecca, Linux Mint 17 Qiana, Linux Mint 13 Maya, Pinguy OS 14.04, Elementary OS 0.3 Freya, Elementary OS 0.2 Luna, Peppermint Five, Deepin 2014, LXLE 14.04, Linux Lite 2.0, Linux Lite 2.2 and other Ubuntu derivative systems, open a new Terminal window and bash (get it?) in the following commands:

You can update your system with unsupported packages from this untrusted PPA by adding ppa:philip5/extra to your systems Software Sources

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:philip5/extra

Like this :

Update repository and install digikam package :

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install digikam5

to remove digikam, do :

sudo apt-get remove digikam 

Disable rate limiting in rsyslog v5 Linux RHEL CentOS Ubuntu

Hello,

This article will show you how to disable rsyslog rate-limiting, But You can also use rate-limiting according to your requirement.?

Read more: http://www.tejasbarot.com/2015/09/17/disable-rate-limiting-in-rsyslog-v5-linux-rhel-centos-ubuntu/

Disable Directory Listing in Apache on Ubuntu 14 04 but should work in other versions as well

digiKam 5 1 0 released Install on Ubuntu 16 04

digiKam 5.1.0 just recently released, introduces a new huge bugs triage and some fixes following first feedback from end-users. This release update internal Libraw to last public and pre-release version 0.18.0.

This permits digiKam to support new lead RAW cameras as:

• Canon 80D, 1300D, 1DX MkII


• Fujifilm X-Pro2, X70, X-E2S


• HTC One A9 and M9


• Leica M and X-U


• Nikon D5


• Olympus Pen F, SH-3


• Panasonic DMC-GX80/85, DMC-TZ80/81/85/ZS60, DMC-TZ100/101/ZS100


• PhaseOne IQ150, IQ180 IR, IQ3


• Samsung Galaxy S7


• Sony ILCA-68, ILCE-6300, RX1R II, RX10 III

Additional Changes and Improvements made in this release

• A consolidation of Mysql database interface has been continued


• Some optimizations have been introduced to speed-up startup operation, especially to delay the scan from new items after the main interface initialization


• Also the option to enable or disable the scan for new items at startup is back in Setup/Miscs dialog page

Install digiKam 5.1.0 on Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 15.10

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:philip5/extra

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install digikam5

How to remove digiKam 5.1.0 from Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 15.10

sudo apt remove digikam5

sudo apt autoremove

Ditching Ubuntu 64 bit

Disconnect a network user from the network using Tuxcut in Ubuntu Debian

Digikam 5 3 0 PPA is Available For Ubuntu 16 04 and Ubuntu 16 10 Yakkety Yak

DigiKam is an open source project that provides users with a dedicated photo management solution, specifically designed to be deployed on KDE desktop environments. It includes image editor and organizer components, which can be easily extended through a built-in and powerful plugin architecture.

Features at a glance
Key features include red eyes correction, brightness, contrast, gamma, hue, saturation and luminosity correction, color balance, color inversion, color auto-correction, ratio cropping, free cropping, black & white and tonality converter using curves adjustments, rotation, and flipping.

With this tool, you will be able to import pictures, organize your photo collection, view images, edit and enhance photos, create slideshows and calendars, print and share your photo creations using social web services, email images, and much more.

Changelog Since Digikam 5.2.0 :

After a 3rd release 5.2.0 published more than one month ago, the digiKam team is proud to announce the new release 5.3.0 of digiKam Software Collection. This version introduces an important common solution to deploy the application under Linux using AppImage bundle.

AppImage is an open-source project dedicated to provide a simple way to distribute portable software as compressed binary file, that standard user can run as well, without to install special dependencies. All is included into the bundle, as last Qt5 and KF5 frameworks. AppImage use Fuse file-system, which is de-compressed into a temporary directory to start the application. You dont need to install digiKam on your system to be able to use it. Better, you can use the official digiKam from your Linux distribution in parallel, and test the new version without any conflict with one used in production. This permit to quickly test a new release without to wait an official package dedicated for your Linux box. Another AppImage advantage is to be able to provide quickly a pre-release bundle to test last patches applied to source code, outside the releases plan.

The bundle include main 3rd-party libraries used by digiKam as Lensfun, OpenCV, and Exiv2. All are optimized for digiKam, and without extra or experimental configurations which can crash the application in special cases.

The simple way to use the digiKam AppImage is to download the right file for your system (32 bits or 64 bits), to make it executable, and to run it. See AppImage documentation if you need more information about.

With the continuous help of Wolfgang Scheffner, The digiKam handbook have been updated again and is available on-line at digiKam. All help are welcome to contribute on user manual, by writing sections, proof-reading, translating, etc.

For furher information, take a look into the list of more than 40 files currently closed in Bugzilla. A special thanks to Maik Qualmaan who improve code everywhere.

digiKam software collection source code tarball, Linux 32/64 bits AppImage bundles, MacOS package, and Windows 32/64 bits installers can be downloaded from this repository

Install/Update DigiKam 5.3.0 on Ubuntu via PPA

Because it is available via PPA, installing DigiKam 5.1.0 on Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus, ubuntu 16.10 yakkety Yak and derivative systems is easy. All you have to do is add the ppa to your system, update the local repository index and install the vlc package. Like this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:philip5/extra

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install digikam5

After installation is completed, open terminal and follow this command :

sudo digikam5

See the release Announce 

Directory structure of Ubuntu Linux

Ubuntu directory structure is a directory tree structure very much similar to directory structure of Unix. There is a resemblance between Unix directory structure and directory structure of Ubuntu Linux. The Ubuntu Linux directory structure contains the root directory  /  at the top with the remaining Linux system directories and file structure like hard disk, partition and other data files falling under it. It is a tree like structure and the top of the tree i.e., the highest level in the file system is the root directory /.

Some important Ubuntu Linux system directories are

1. /bin: This directory contains important binary application. It would contain the executable file for command like ls, cal, grep etc which are used in everyday Linux environment, directly or indirectly.  

2. /boot: This directory contains the files needed for booting up the operating system. It include the kernel (vmlinux), ramdisk image (initrd.lz) and bootloader configuration files.

3. /dev: This Ubuntu Linux directory does not consume any space on disk and is used to keep track of devices connected to the computer including the ones which are a part of the CPU such as the disks, mouse, display,graphics card etc.

4. /etc: This is the place where you can find the configuration files of the base OS and other installed applications and startup scripts. It contain all the configuration files, ranging from the ones which control the booting of computer to the ones which can change the behavior of installed software and services.

5. /home: It is the user profile folder in Linux similar to the c:/ user folder in Windows. Each user on the system would have a separate directory within this sub-directory.

6. /lib: The system libraries required for the proper functioning of installed software are present in this  Linux directory. Library in context of computing is define as a reusable resource that can be used by more then one software.

7. /lost+found: This contains the lost and found files of your / directory.

8. /media:This directory is not a part of the Linux directory structure. It is the system directory file which help to recognize all the mounted removable media such as CD, external hard drives, USB drives, cameras etc.

9. /mnt: This Linux directory is used to create mount point for other systems which are attached to the computer on boot, e.g. Windows partitions.

10. /opt: This directory provides a location for optional applications to be installed.

11. /proc: This virtual directory does not consume any space on disk but exists only in the system memory. This directory is freely available for browsing only to the root user.

12. root: This is commonly known as the slash-root directory, it refer to / as root in Ubuntu Linux.

13. /sbin: This directory is also available to root user. It contains commands to change system wide settings.

14. /srv:  This directory acts as a temporary location for data meant to be used by servers.

15. /sys: This directory contains system-specific information meant as reference for other applications.

16. /tmp: As the mane suggest, it acts as storage for temporary files.

17. /usr: This is where most of your applications and files will be stored, as anything present here is available for all users to acccess. It can be also be called as the program files folder for Linux.

18. /var: This is a directory for variable files such as logs and databases. Notice the contrast with the /tmp directory.

Display amount of free and used memory in the system In Ubuntu

 total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 244 240 3 0 15 82
-/+ buffers/cache: 143 101
Swap: 715 107 608

Disable System Beep Sound in Ubuntu

To temporarly disable system beep for current session use following command.

 sudo rmmod pcspkr 

To perminently disable system beep add following line to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist file.

 blacklist pcspkr 

Digital speech in Ubuntu 10 10 maverick

Displaying Trash Computer Home and Network icon on Ubuntu Desktop

This is how my desktop looks , see the four icons on the top left of the screen :)